Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Seismic Activity in the Toba Caldera based on DBSCAN Clustering Algorithms

Marzuki  Sinambela; Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih; Febria  Anita; Puji  Hartoyo; Ari  Mutanto

Authors

Marzuki Sinambela Universitas Nasional, Jakarta
Purwantiningsih Universitas Nasional, Jakarta
Febria Anita Universitas Nasional, Jakarta
Puji Hartoyo Universitas Nasional, Jakarta
Ari Mutanto Universitas Nasional, Jakarta

Keywords:

Algoritma Pengelompokan DBSCAN, aktivitas seismik, Kaldera Toba

Abstract

Salah satu sistem vulkanik terpenting di dunia, Kaldera Toba, memiliki lingkungan seismotektonik yang kompleks akibat interaksi antara tektonik regional, proses vulkanik, dan dinamika kaldera. Kinerja algoritma Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) menjadi fokus utama penelitian ini, yang menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran mesin tanpa pengawasan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas seismik di Toba Geopark antara tahun 2019 dan 2022. Sebagai fitur masukan, parameter gempa seperti magnitudo, percepatan tanah maksimum, kedalaman hiposentrum, dan posisi geografis digunakan. Indeks Davies-Bouldin, indeks Calinski-Harabasz, dan koefisien siluet digunakan untuk menilai kinerja pengelompokan. Berbeda dengan kinerja yang diamati di lokasi yang dipengaruhi tektonik, hasil menunjukkan bahwa DBSCAN sangat efektif di lingkungan vulkanik, mencapai skor siluet 0,679 dan indeks Davies-Bouldin 0,404. Sifat diskrit dan terkendali struktur dari seismisitas vulkanik tercermin dalam identifikasi DBSCAN terhadap enam kluster seismik kompak yang terkait dengan struktur kaldera unik dan klasifikasinya terhadap 91,48% peristiwa sebagai noise. Korelasi yang kuat antara kluster yang terdeteksi dan karakteristik vulkanik yang dikenal, seperti tepi kaldera, kompleks vulkanik pusat, dan sistem patahan yang berinteraksi, terungkap melalui analisis spasial. Hasil ini menunjukkan keefektifan algoritma klustering yang spesifik lingkungan dan membantu dalam pengembangan metode berbasis pembelajaran mesin untuk penilaian risiko dan pemantauan seismik.

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